主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1-10.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2018.06.001

• 论文 •    下一篇

豫西南一次局地大暴雨中尺度对流系统的结构特征分析

苏爱芳1,2, 张宁1,2, 袁小超1,2, 王迪1,2   

  1. 1. 中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室, 河南 郑州 450003;
    2. 河南省气象台, 河南 郑州 450003
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-06 修回日期:2018-05-09 出版日期:2018-12-31 发布日期:2018-12-31
  • 作者简介:苏爱芳,女,1971年生,正研级高级工程师,主要从事强对流天气预报预警及卫星应用技术研究,E-mail:610061618@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    2016年河南省科技攻关项目“大城市暴雨、强对流精细预报与监测预警技术研究”(162102310056)和河南省强对流预报专家团队共同资助。

Analyses of the structural characteristics of a local heavy rainfall from the mesoscale convective system over the southwestern He'nan province

SU Ai-fang1,2, ZHANG Ning1,2, YUAN Xiao-chao1,2, WANG Di1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard Application Technique, CMA, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
    2. He'nan Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Zhengzhou 450003, China
  • Received:2017-11-06 Revised:2018-05-09 Online:2018-12-31 Published:2018-12-31

摘要: 利用FY静止卫星资料、多普勒雷达监测及四维变分(4DVAR)反演产品、区域自动站和常规观测资料、NCEP分析资料,对2011年8月16日淮河上游副热带高压(简称副高)边缘MCS的结构、演变规律及形成原因进行研究。结果表明:卫星监测的中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale convective system,简称MCS)形成于副高边缘切变线附近,扩散南下冷空气触发高对流不稳定能量释放是系统形成发展的主要机制。对流系统的发展演变可分为四个时期:对流系统初生期、β中尺度对流系统(简称MβCS)合并发展期、圆形α中尺度对流系统(简称MαCS)旺盛期和减弱衰亡期,前三个阶段是产生强降水的主要时期。卫星监测的MCS初生期在雷达上表现为单体和多单体风暴,后三个时期则多表现为βα中尺度对流系统,成熟期在雷达上表现为带状对系统。对流系统在低层辐合线附近发展,辐合区合并造成对流系统合并,进而造成MCS爆发性发展和降水强度的增加,边界层气旋式旋转气流使冷云罩具有圆形特征。对流系统的垂直辐合辐散层及正负涡度层均呈交替分布特征,高层辐散和垂直上升运动相对弱。低层辐合区的宽度与系统的水平尺度有关。地面冷暖气流交汇及地形辐合线具有重要的对流触发作用,地面气流汇合和豫西中尺度地形对降水落区和中心强度均有影响。

关键词: 副热带高压, 圆形α中尺度对流系统, β中尺度对流系统

Abstract: In this paper,the FY (Feng Yun) geostationary satellite,Doppler radar products and 4DVAR (Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation),regional automatic station,conventional meteorological and the NCEP reanalyzed data were used to analyze the structure,evolution and formation mechanisms of the MCS (Mesoscale Convective System) on the north side of the Subtropical High and in upper reaches of the Huaihe River on August 16,2011.The MCS formed in the shear line near the edge of the subtropical high.The cold air diffusion to trigger the release of a higher convective instability energy is the main mechanism for the system development.The lifecycle of the convective system consists of four periods:primary stage,merger and development stage of MβCS,maturity and decay stages of round MαCS.The heavy rainfall mainly occurs during the former three stages.On the radar image,the MCS is mainly composed of single and multi-cell storms at the primary stage and shows a β or α mesoscale convective system at the rest stages.The system often appears a linear convective one at the MαCS maturity stage.Convection merger results in an explosive development of the MCS.The positive and negative vorticity layers of the convection system show alternate distribution characteristics.The high-level divergence and vertical upward movement are relatively weak.The width of the low-level convergence is associated with the scale of the system.The intersection of cold and warm air flow and topographic convergence lines play an important role in triggering the convection,and the area current confluence is advantageous to form and develop the round MCS.The mesoscale mountainous topography in the west of He'nan province has an influence on the range and intensity of the heavy rainfall.

Key words: Subtropical high, Round MαCS, MβCS

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